Concussions are more than just a bump on the head—they are a type of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that can affect brain function, sometimes with lasting consequences. Whether you’re an athlete, a parent, a coach, or simply someone who values health and wellness, understanding concussion management and protocols is critical to ensure safety and promote effective recovery.

What is a Concussion?

A concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury caused by a blow, jolt, or bump to the head—or a hit to the body that causes the head to move rapidly back and forth. This sudden movement can cause the brain to bounce or twist inside the skull, triggering chemical changes and potentially damaging brain cells.

Common Symptoms Include:

• Headache or “pressure” in the head

• Dizziness or balance issues

• Confusion or feeling foggy

• Memory problems

• Nausea or vomiting

• Sensitivity to light or noise

• Changes in sleep patterns

• Emotional disturbances (e.g., irritability, sadness)

Why Proper Concussion Management Matters

Ignoring or mismanaging a concussion can lead to prolonged symptoms or even serious complications like Second Impact Syndrome—a rare but potentially fatal condition where a second concussion occurs before the brain has healed from the first. Long-term cognitive, emotional, and physical impairments can also result from poorly managed concussions.

Concussion Management Protocols

Medical and sports organizations have established clear, evidence-based protocols to ensure proper evaluation and care. Here’s what the process typically looks like:

1. Immediate Removal from Activity

At the first sign of a concussion, the individual should be immediately removed from play or activity. “When in doubt, sit them out” is the golden rule—continuing to participate while concussed puts the brain at serious risk.

2. Assessment by a Trained Professional

A healthcare provider trained in concussion evaluation should assess the individual as soon as possible. Tools like the SCAT6 (Sport Concussion Assessment Tool) or ImPACT (Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing) may be used to aid in diagnosis.

3. Monitoring During the First 24-48 Hours

The first couple of days post-injury are crucial. During this time:

• The individual should rest, both physically and mentally.

• Avoid screen time, loud environments, and mentally taxing tasks.

• Observe for worsening symptoms like severe headaches, repeated vomiting, or confusion—seek emergency care if these occur.

4. Graduated Return to Activity Protocol

Once symptoms begin to resolve, a step-by-step return-to-play or return-to-learn protocol is followed. Each step generally takes at least 24 hours:

Stage 1: Symptom-limited Activity
Light mental and physical activity that doesn’t worsen symptoms.

Stage 2: Light Aerobic Exercise
Walking or stationary biking at slow to moderate pace.

Stage 3: Sport-Specific Exercise
Running drills without head impact.

Stage 4: Non-contact Training Drills
More complex training drills, resistance training.

Stage 5: Full Contact Practice
Following medical clearance.

Stage 6: Return to Play
Normal game play or full participation.

If symptoms return at any stage, the individual must stop and rest for at least 24 hours before attempting the previous step again.

5. Return to Learn

For students, a similar stepwise return to schoolwork is encouraged, starting with partial attendance or shortened days and gradually increasing cognitive load under supervision.

Prevention Tips

While not all concussions are preventable, steps can be taken to reduce the risk:

• Wear appropriate helmets during sports or risky activities.

• Ensure playing environments are safe and well-maintained.

• Educate athletes, coaches, and parents on the signs of concussion.

• Emphasize proper technique and rule enforcement in sports.

Final Thoughts

Concussions should never be underestimated. With proper management and adherence to established protocols, most people recover fully. Awareness, education, and a cautious, stepwise approach are key to protecting brain health—especially in high-risk environments like sports, schools, and workplaces.

If you suspect a concussion, seek medical advice promptly. Recovery takes time, and the brain deserves patience, care, and respect.